• Plastic surgery is the surgical procedure to repair defects of the face and other parts of the body caused by congenital anomalies, burns, bruises, and various diseases.
• Plastic surgery is performed by grafts of body tissue or tissue from a matched donor
• The patient may undergo this type of surgery to improve the general appearance and for cosmetic purposes that are not linked to any pathological deformities or disorders.

 The cost of plastic surgery

• Often the costs of plastic surgery are not covered by health insurance and are performed in private clinics or independent beauty centers
• There is no general cost approved by the doctors and it depends on the skill and reputation of the skin doctor in the field

  The ethical dimensions of plastic surgery

  • Some patients notice an obsession to change their appearance and make an exaggeration in the number of operations, despite the risks associated with these operations
  • While operations are performed without a license from the health authorities and the responsibility for trying them is on patients without approval of their biologic suitability, such as injecting substances that increase melanin pigment into the skin to obtain skin darkening in a faster time than what is required by sitting under the sun or light rays and extending for longer periods.
  • In addition to iris staining, or operations that increase the risk of future injuries, such as removing the lower ribs from the bones of the rib cage to obtain a thinner waist, which exposes the internal organs to danger and leaves them unprotected when exposed to an external blow.
  • Herein lies the plastic surgeon in educating the patient about the effects of plastic surgery and its impact on the body and deciding not to perform it to avoid endangering the patient’s health

  What are the reasons for Plastic surgery?

  The main purpose of resorting to plastic surgery is to improve the external appearance and hide physical defects by modifying them, and it is not considered a curative surgical procedure.

  The causes of these defects are varied

  • Congenital causes: The patient is born suffering from an unusual shape or incomplete growth of a certain part of the body due to a defect in the processes of cell division, and cosmetic operations are performed to solve these problems such as the cleft lip.
  • Pathological causes: When exposed to accidents, burns, or deformation of the human external organs due to the presence of a tumor or any type of injury. These deformities are repaired and repaired by cosmetic operations.
  • Cosmetic reasons: In these cases, there is no deformation or defect in the shape of the organ, but the patient seeks to modify its shape for personal reasons such as increasing his self-confidence and acceptance by others and following the modifications of the most popular features in the cosmetic milieu.

   

   What is the physiology of plastic surgery?

  Restoration operations:

  • Cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.
  • Craniofacial surgery for children and adults.
  • Reconstructive and cosmetic surgeries for severe burns.
  • Reconstructive surgery for patients with injuries to the head, neck or limbs.
  • Reconstructive surgeries to repair benign deformities of the face or trunk.
  • Reconstructive surgery for patients after removing the tumors from the head, neck or chest.
  • Miniaturized reconstructive surgeries.
  • Curative surgery for malignant and benign lesions of the head, neck or skin.
  • Hand surgeries.

  Cosmetic surgery:

  • Facial rejuvenation operations using laser and other light treatments.
  • Facial rejuvenation operations using botox and face injections.
  • Plastic and functional eyelid surgery.
  • Aesthetic and functional nose surgery.
  • Ear plastic surgery.
  • Facelift surgery.
  • Liposuction, skin tightening, and functional body and limb surgeries.
  • Plastic surgery for the chest.

  Plastic surgery is divided into a number of subspecialties, which include:

  Department of Plastic Surgery:

  It is the primary branch of plastic surgery concerned with improving the overall appearance of the face and body.

  Burn Surgery Department:

  Which occurs in two stages, the first stage, which includes acute burn surgery, which treats burns immediately after they occur, and the second stage, which includes reconstructive burn surgery, which occurs after healing the wounds resulting from burns

  Craniofacial surgery:

  • Which divides into facial and craniofacial surgeries for children and adults. The department of pediatric facial and craniofacial surgery is primarily concerned with the treatment of congenital anomalies that occur in the head and face region, such as cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis, and the treatment of fractures.
  • As for the department of adult facial and craniofacial surgery, it is mainly concerned with treating fractures and secondary surgeries which include the restoration of the orbital bones in addition to reconstructive surgery.
  • Facial and craniofacial surgery is an important branch of plastic surgery, which requires additional years of study in order to achieve this specialty by the plastic surgeon.
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (which is one of the dental specialties) can also practice these operations.

  Hand surgery department:

  Which is specialized in treating acute and chronic hand and wrist injuries and treatment of congenital anomalies affecting the upper extremities and surrounding nerves such as brachial plexus injury.

  Department of Microscopic Surgery:

  Who is interested in restoring lost tissues by transferring part of the tissue to the place to be restored with reconnecting blood vessels. These include chest, head, and neck surgery, hand implants, and brachial plexus surgery.

  Pediatric plastic surgery:

  Which mainly addresses congenital anomalies that some children are born with, and which must be treated in childhood to get the best results.

  How to perform plastic surgery

  The nature of the procedure varies according to the desired modification, the condition of the organ, and whether the cause of the deformation was an accident or fire.

  Types of plastic surgery

  Reconstructive plastic surgery

  Some reconstructive plastic surgeries are to improve the shape affected by an accident, and among these operations is the process of patching the skin exposed to burns, masking the traces of wounds, reshaping the breast after removing it for breast cancer patients, and modifying the shape of the nose after being fractured.

  Aesthetic plastic surgery

  • It involves removing certain parts such as cartilage to alter the shape of the nose and ears
  • Liposuction can also be performed, which removes fat-stored cells in a specific area of ??the body to improve their shape and prevent fat from being stored in them
  • Cultivation of materials from outside the human body, such as collagen and silicon, and as safer alternatives and to reduce the body’s sensitivity to foreign substances, an amount of fat can be taken from one side of the body and re-injected in other areas such as the chin and under the eyes
  • Hair transplant for baldness problems.

   A misconception of the concept of beauty and the purpose of plastic surgery is always referred to as most of the reviewers of cosmetic clinics strive to achieve specific standards dictated by society to obtain an ideal shape that eliminates the distinct differences for each individual and does not take into account the differences of age, skin color, and body structure and imposes adherence to the patterns promoted by the media and cosmetic companies.

  ?Do plastic surgeries need anesthesia

  • Cosmetic surgeries may be simple and do not require anesthesia of any kind, such as injecting fillers and toxins of polonium – Botox – whose results extend for a few months and are performed to hide the signs of asymmetry of the face, raise the eyebrows, hide fine lines and prevent wrinkles, or as an injection of collagen to increase the fullness of the lips.
  • As for the operations that require surgical work, they require general anesthesia and medical monitoring after their procedure, such as face-lift, the rectification of the nose, reduction of the swelling of the eyelids, disposal of loose skin after weight loss, and body reshaping by getting rid of skin and fat, and may reach to spread the bone to change the structural shape of the body or face. Such as operations to change the size of the jaw, operations to reduce the size of the foot, and get rid of the spurs of the metatarsal bone to obtain smaller size and get rid of pain caused by shoes or the Ilizarov operation, which increases the height to about 40 cm.

   

  After plastic surgery

  Each surgical procedure has important post-operative instructions that must be adhered to according to the doctor’s recommendations

  • Keep out of the sunshine
  • Not using chemicals during the recovery period
  • Take antibiotics and adhere to the necessary treatment
  • Eat a healthy diet and exercise mainly

  What are the complications of plastic surgery?

  Craniofacial surgery:

  • Which divides into facial and craniofacial surgeries for children and adults. The department of pediatric facial and craniofacial surgery is primarily concerned with the treatment of congenital anomalies that occur in the head and face region, such as cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis, and the treatment of fractures.
  • As for the department of adult facial and craniofacial surgery, it is mainly concerned with treating fractures and secondary surgeries which include the restoration of the orbital bones in addition to reconstructive surgery.
  • Facial and craniofacial surgery is an important branch of plastic surgery, which requires additional years of study in order to achieve this specialty by the doctor.
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (which is one of the dental specialties) can also practice these operations.

  Hand surgery department:

  Which is specialized in treating acute and chronic hand and wrist injuries and treatment of congenital anomalies affecting the upper extremities and surrounding nerves such as brachial plexus injury.

  Department of Microscopic Surgery:

  Who is interested in restoring lost tissues by transferring part of the tissue to the place to be restored with reconnecting blood vessels. These include chest, head, and neck surgery, hand implants, and brachial plexus surgery.

  Pediatric plastic surgery:

  Which mainly addresses congenital anomalies that some children are born with, and which must be treated in childhood to get the best results.

   

   What is the treatment for plastic surgery?

  How to perform plastic surgery

  The nature of the procedure varies according to the desired modification, the condition of the organ, and whether the cause of the deformation was an accident or fire.

  Types of plastic surgery

  Reconstructive plastic surgery

  Some reconstructive plastic surgeries are to improve the shape affected by an accident, and among these operations is the process of patching the skin exposed to burns, masking the traces of wounds, reshaping the breast after removing it for breast cancer patients, and modifying the shape of the nose after being fractured.

  Aesthetic plastic surgery

  • It involves removing certain parts such as cartilage to alter the shape of the nose and ears
  • Liposuction can also be performed, which removes fat-stored cells in a specific area of ?? the body to improve their shape and prevent fat from being stored in them
  • Cultivation of materials from outside the human body, such as collagen and silicon, and as safer alternatives and to reduce the body’s sensitivity to foreign substances, an amount of fat can be taken from one site of the body and re-injected in other areas such as the chin and under the eyes
  • Hair transplant for baldness problems.

   A misconception of the concept of beauty and the purpose of plastic surgery is always referred to as most of the reviewers of cosmetic clinics strive to achieve specific standards dictated by society to obtain an ideal shape that eliminates the distinct differences for each individual and does not take into account the differences of age, skin color, and body structure and imposes adherence to the patterns promoted by the media and cosmetic companies.

  Tips for living with plastic surgery

  After plastic surgery

  Each surgical procedure has important post-operative instructions that must be adhered to according to the doctor’s recommendations:

  • Keep out of the sunshine
  • Not using chemicals during the recovery period
  • Take antibiotics and adhere to the necessary treatment
  • Eat a healthy diet and exercise mainly

   

   What are the complications of plastic surgery?

  • Plastic surgery requires high precision and caution due to the sensitivity of the procedure and its obvious effect on the patient’s appearance.
  • Some operations are simple, and this does not mean that they are unlikely to fail or cause infection after their procedure.
  • As for other operations that require a more complex procedure, such as liposuction and skin tightening, the complications of which are bleeding during the operation or damage to nerve endings.

   

   What is the course of plastic surgery disease?

  Craniofacial surgery:

  • Which divides into facial and craniofacial surgeries for children and adults. The department of pediatric facial and craniofacial surgery is primarily concerned with the treatment of congenital anomalies that occur in the head and face region, such as cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis, and the treatment of fractures.
  • As for the department of adult facial and craniofacial surgery, it is mainly concerned with treating fractures and secondary surgeries which include the restoration of the orbital bones in addition to reconstructive surgery.
  • Facial and craniofacial surgery is an important branch of plastic surgery, which requires additional years of study in order to achieve this specialty by the doctor.
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (which is one of the dental specialties) can also practice these operations.

  Hand surgery department:

  Which is specialized in treating acute and chronic hand and wrist injuries and treatment of congenital anomalies affecting the upper extremities and surrounding nerves such as brachial plexus injury.

  Department of Microscopic Surgery:

  Who is interested in restoring lost tissues by transferring part of the tissue to the place to be restored with reconnecting blood vessels. These include chest, head, and neck surgery, hand implants, and brachial plexus surgery.

  Pediatric plastic surgery:

  Which mainly addresses congenital anomalies that some children are born with, and which must be treated in childhood to get the best results.

   

   What is the treatment for plastic surgery?

  How to perform plastic surgery

  The nature of the procedure varies according to the desired modification, the condition of the organ, and whether the cause of the deformation was an accident or fire.

  Types of plastic surgery

  Reconstructive plastic surgery

  Some reconstructive plastic surgeries are to improve the shape affected by an accident, and among these operations is the process of patching the skin exposed to burns, masking the traces of wounds, reshaping the breast after removing it for breast cancer patients, and modifying the shape of the nose after being fractured.

  Aesthetic plastic surgery

  • It involves removing certain parts such as cartilage to alter the shape of the nose and ears
  • Liposuction can also be performed, which removes fat-stored cells in a specific area of ?? the body to improve their shape and prevent fat from being stored in them
  • Cultivation of materials from outside the human body, such as collagen and silicon, and as safer alternatives and to reduce the body’s sensitivity to foreign substances, an amount of fat can be taken from one side of the body and re-injected in other areas such as the chin and under the eyes
  • Hair transplant for baldness problems.

   A misconception of the concept of beauty and the purpose of plastic surgery is always referred to as most of the reviewers of cosmetic clinics strive to achieve specific standards dictated by society to obtain an ideal shape that eliminates the distinct differences for each individual and does not take into account the differences of age, skin color, and body structure and imposes adherence to the patterns promoted by the media and cosmetic companies.

   

  After plastic surgery

  Each surgical procedure has important post-operative instructions that must be adhered to according to the doctor’s recommendations:

  • Keep out of the sunshine
  • Not using chemicals during the recovery period
  • Take antibiotics and adhere to the necessary treatment
  • Eat a healthy diet and exercise mainly

   

   What are the complications of plastic surgery?

  • Plastic surgery requires high precision and caution due to the sensitivity of the procedure and its obvious effect on the patient’s appearance.
  • Some operations are simple, and this does not mean that they are unlikely to fail or cause infection after their procedure.
  • As for other operations that require a more complex procedure, such as liposuction and skin tightening, the complications of which are bleeding during the operation or damage to nerve endings.

   

   What is the course of plastic surgery disease?

  Plastic surgery results

  • The results of plastic surgery may be temporary or permanent, and its success depends on the nature of the shape of the organ to be modified and the possibility of obtaining results identical to the required, and the age factor plays an important role in the level of results, so the older the patient, the less elastic the nature of the body tissues.
  • There are plastic surgeries performed to amend the results of previous unsuccessful operations, and it may also be difficult to obtain sufficiently satisfactory results.
  • Some operations require a long period of recovery, such as chemical peeling operations, chin and face tightening, and flabby skin tightening. In addition, they require maintaining a balanced health system, practicing constant exercise, and refraining from childbearing for women who have undergone a tummy tuck that cannot be performed again.
  • It must be noted that the desired results from plastic surgery must be realistic in terms of appearance and psychological. What plastic surgeons note is that modifying the external appearance will not solve the patient’s problems at the social and professional levels and the extent of acceptance by others, but it is reflected in the person’s positive feeling and satisfaction with his appearance only.